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Terraform 是一种声明性语言,可以作为你正在建设的基础设施的蓝图。
在拥有一个 OpenStack 生产环境和家庭实验室一段时间后,我可以肯定地说,从管理员和租户的角度置备工作负载和管理它是很重要的。
Terraform 是一个开源的基础设施即代码(IaC)软件工具,用于 置备provisioning网络、服务器、云平台等。Terraform 是一种声明性语言,可以作为你正在建设的基础设施的蓝图。你可以用 Git 来管理它,它有一个强大的 GitOps使用场景。
本文介绍了使用 Terraform 管理 OpenStack 集群的基础知识。我使用 Terraform 重新创建了 OpenStack 演示项目。
安装 Terraform
我使用 CentOS 作为跳板机运行 Terraform。根据官方文档,第一步是添加 Hashicorp 仓库:
$ sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo$ sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo$ sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo
接下来,安装 Terraform:
$ sudo dnf install terraform -y$ sudo dnf install terraform -y$ sudo dnf install terraform -y
验证安装:
$ terraform –version$ terraform –version$ terraform –version
如果你看到返回的版本号,那么你已经安装了 Terraform。
为 OpenStack 提供者创建一个 Terraform 脚本
在 Terraform 中,你需要一个 提供者provider,它是一个转换器,Terraform 调用它将你的 .tf
转换为对你正在协调的平台的 API 调用。
有三种类型的提供者:官方、合作伙伴和社区:
- 官方提供者由 Hashicorp 维护。
- 合作伙伴提供者由与 Hashicorp 合作的技术公司维护。
- 社区提供者是由开源社区成员维护的。
在这个 链接中有一个很好的 OpenStack 的社区提供者。要使用这个提供者,请创建一个.tf
文件,并命名为main.tf
。
$ vi main.tf$ vi main.tf$ vi main.tf
在 main.tf
中添加以下内容:
terraform {required_version = ">= 0.14.0"required_providers {openstack = {source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack"version = "1.49.0"}}}provider "openstack" {user_name = “OS_USERNAME”tenant_name = “OS_TENANT”password = “OS_PASSWORD”auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL”region = “OS_REGION”}terraform { required_version = ">= 0.14.0" required_providers { openstack = { source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack" version = "1.49.0" } } } provider "openstack" { user_name = “OS_USERNAME” tenant_name = “OS_TENANT” password = “OS_PASSWORD” auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL” region = “OS_REGION” }terraform { required_version = ">= 0.14.0" required_providers { openstack = { source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack" version = "1.49.0" } } } provider "openstack" { user_name = “OS_USERNAME” tenant_name = “OS_TENANT” password = “OS_PASSWORD” auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL” region = “OS_REGION” }
你需要修改 OS_USERNAME
、OS_TENANT
、OS_PASSWORD
、OS_AUTH_URL
和OS_REGION
变量才能工作。
创建一个 Terraform 管理文件
OpenStack 管理文件的重点是置备外部网络、路由、用户、镜像、租户配置文件和配额。
此示例提供风格,连接到外部网络的路由、测试镜像、租户配置文件和用户。
首先,为置备资源创建一个 AdminTF
目录:
$ mkdir AdminTF$ cd AdminTF$ mkdir AdminTF $ cd AdminTF$ mkdir AdminTF $ cd AdminTF
在 main.tf
中,添加以下内容:
terraform {required_version = ">= 0.14.0"required_providers {openstack = {source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack"version = "1.49.0"}}}provider "openstack" {user_name = “OS_USERNAME”tenant_name = “admin”password = “OS_PASSWORD”auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL”region = “OS_REGION”}resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "small-flavor" {name = "small"ram = "4096"vcpus = "1"disk = "0"flavor_id = "1"is_public = "true"}resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "medium-flavor" {name = "medium"ram = "8192"vcpus = "2"disk = "0"flavor_id = "2"is_public = "true"}resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "large-flavor" {name = "large"ram = "16384"vcpus = "4"disk = "0"flavor_id = "3"is_public = "true"}resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "xlarge-flavor" {name = "xlarge"ram = "32768"vcpus = "8"disk = "0"flavor_id = "4"is_public = "true"}resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "external-network" {name = "external-network"admin_state_up = "true"external = "true"segments {network_type = "flat"physical_network = "physnet1"}}resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "external-subnet" {name = "external-subnet"network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.external-network.idcidr = "10.0.0.0/8"gateway_ip = "10.0.0.1"dns_nameservers = ["10.0.0.254", "10.0.0.253"]allocation_pool {start = "10.0.0.1"end = "10.0.254.254"}}resource "openstack_networking_router_v2" "external-router" {name = "external-router"admin_state_up = trueexternal_network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.external-network.id}resource "openstack_images_image_v2" "cirros" {name = "cirros"image_source_url = "https://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.6.1/cirros-0.6.1-x86_64-disk.img"container_format = "bare"disk_format = "qcow2"properties = {key = "value"}}resource "openstack_identity_project_v3" "demo-project" {name = "Demo"}resource "openstack_identity_user_v3" "demo-user" {name = "demo-user"default_project_id = openstack_identity_project_v3.demo-project.idpassword = "demo"}terraform { required_version = ">= 0.14.0" required_providers { openstack = { source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack" version = "1.49.0" } } } provider "openstack" { user_name = “OS_USERNAME” tenant_name = “admin” password = “OS_PASSWORD” auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL” region = “OS_REGION” } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "small-flavor" { name = "small" ram = "4096" vcpus = "1" disk = "0" flavor_id = "1" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "medium-flavor" { name = "medium" ram = "8192" vcpus = "2" disk = "0" flavor_id = "2" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "large-flavor" { name = "large" ram = "16384" vcpus = "4" disk = "0" flavor_id = "3" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "xlarge-flavor" { name = "xlarge" ram = "32768" vcpus = "8" disk = "0" flavor_id = "4" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "external-network" { name = "external-network" admin_state_up = "true" external = "true" segments { network_type = "flat" physical_network = "physnet1" } } resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "external-subnet" { name = "external-subnet" network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.external-network.id cidr = "10.0.0.0/8" gateway_ip = "10.0.0.1" dns_nameservers = ["10.0.0.254", "10.0.0.253"] allocation_pool { start = "10.0.0.1" end = "10.0.254.254" } } resource "openstack_networking_router_v2" "external-router" { name = "external-router" admin_state_up = true external_network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.external-network.id } resource "openstack_images_image_v2" "cirros" { name = "cirros" image_source_url = "https://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.6.1/cirros-0.6.1-x86_64-disk.img" container_format = "bare" disk_format = "qcow2" properties = { key = "value" } } resource "openstack_identity_project_v3" "demo-project" { name = "Demo" } resource "openstack_identity_user_v3" "demo-user" { name = "demo-user" default_project_id = openstack_identity_project_v3.demo-project.id password = "demo" }terraform { required_version = ">= 0.14.0" required_providers { openstack = { source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack" version = "1.49.0" } } } provider "openstack" { user_name = “OS_USERNAME” tenant_name = “admin” password = “OS_PASSWORD” auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL” region = “OS_REGION” } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "small-flavor" { name = "small" ram = "4096" vcpus = "1" disk = "0" flavor_id = "1" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "medium-flavor" { name = "medium" ram = "8192" vcpus = "2" disk = "0" flavor_id = "2" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "large-flavor" { name = "large" ram = "16384" vcpus = "4" disk = "0" flavor_id = "3" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_compute_flavor_v2" "xlarge-flavor" { name = "xlarge" ram = "32768" vcpus = "8" disk = "0" flavor_id = "4" is_public = "true" } resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "external-network" { name = "external-network" admin_state_up = "true" external = "true" segments { network_type = "flat" physical_network = "physnet1" } } resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "external-subnet" { name = "external-subnet" network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.external-network.id cidr = "10.0.0.0/8" gateway_ip = "10.0.0.1" dns_nameservers = ["10.0.0.254", "10.0.0.253"] allocation_pool { start = "10.0.0.1" end = "10.0.254.254" } } resource "openstack_networking_router_v2" "external-router" { name = "external-router" admin_state_up = true external_network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.external-network.id } resource "openstack_images_image_v2" "cirros" { name = "cirros" image_source_url = "https://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.6.1/cirros-0.6.1-x86_64-disk.img" container_format = "bare" disk_format = "qcow2" properties = { key = "value" } } resource "openstack_identity_project_v3" "demo-project" { name = "Demo" } resource "openstack_identity_user_v3" "demo-user" { name = "demo-user" default_project_id = openstack_identity_project_v3.demo-project.id password = "demo" }
创建一个租户 Terraform 文件
作为一个 租户Tenant,你通常会创建虚拟机。你还为这些虚拟机创建网络和安全组。
这个例子使用上面由 Admin 文件创建的用户。
首先,创建一个 TenantTF
目录,用于与租户相关的置备:
$ mkdir TenantTF$ cd TenantTF$ mkdir TenantTF $ cd TenantTF$ mkdir TenantTF $ cd TenantTF
在 main.tf
中,添加以下内容:
terraform {required_version = ">= 0.14.0"required_providers {openstack = {source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack"version = "1.49.0"}}}provider "openstack" {user_name = “demo-user”tenant_name = “demo”password = “demo”auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL”region = “OS_REGION”}resource "openstack_compute_keypair_v2" "demo-keypair" {name = "demo-key"public_key = "ssh-rsa ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ"}resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "demo-network" {name = "demo-network"admin_state_up = "true"}resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "demo-subnet" {network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.demo-network.idname = "demo-subnet"cidr = "192.168.26.0/24"}resource "openstack_networking_router_interface_v2" "demo-router-interface" {router_id = “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX”subnet_id = openstack_networking_subnet_v2.demo-subnet.id}resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "demo-instance" {name = "demo"image_id = "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY"flavor_id = "3"key_pair = "demo-key"security_groups = ["default"]metadata = {this = "that"}network {name = "demo-network"}}terraform { required_version = ">= 0.14.0" required_providers { openstack = { source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack" version = "1.49.0" } } } provider "openstack" { user_name = “demo-user” tenant_name = “demo” password = “demo” auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL” region = “OS_REGION” } resource "openstack_compute_keypair_v2" "demo-keypair" { name = "demo-key" public_key = "ssh-rsa ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ" } resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "demo-network" { name = "demo-network" admin_state_up = "true" } resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "demo-subnet" { network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.demo-network.id name = "demo-subnet" cidr = "192.168.26.0/24" } resource "openstack_networking_router_interface_v2" "demo-router-interface" { router_id = “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX” subnet_id = openstack_networking_subnet_v2.demo-subnet.id } resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "demo-instance" { name = "demo" image_id = "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" flavor_id = "3" key_pair = "demo-key" security_groups = ["default"] metadata = { this = "that" } network { name = "demo-network" } }terraform { required_version = ">= 0.14.0" required_providers { openstack = { source = "terraform-provider-openstack/openstack" version = "1.49.0" } } } provider "openstack" { user_name = “demo-user” tenant_name = “demo” password = “demo” auth_url = “OS_AUTH_URL” region = “OS_REGION” } resource "openstack_compute_keypair_v2" "demo-keypair" { name = "demo-key" public_key = "ssh-rsa ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ" } resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "demo-network" { name = "demo-network" admin_state_up = "true" } resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "demo-subnet" { network_id = openstack_networking_network_v2.demo-network.id name = "demo-subnet" cidr = "192.168.26.0/24" } resource "openstack_networking_router_interface_v2" "demo-router-interface" { router_id = “XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX” subnet_id = openstack_networking_subnet_v2.demo-subnet.id } resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "demo-instance" { name = "demo" image_id = "YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY" flavor_id = "3" key_pair = "demo-key" security_groups = ["default"] metadata = { this = "that" } network { name = "demo-network" } }
初始化你的 Terraform
创建 Terraform 文件后,你需要初始化 Terraform。
对于管理员:
$ cd AdminTF$ terraform init$ terraform fmt$ cd AdminTF $ terraform init $ terraform fmt$ cd AdminTF $ terraform init $ terraform fmt
对于租户:
$ cd TenantTF$ terraform init$ terraform fmt$ cd TenantTF $ terraform init $ terraform fmt$ cd TenantTF $ terraform init $ terraform fmt
命令解释:
terraform init
从镜像源下载提供者用于置备此项目。terraform fmt
格式化文件,以便在仓库中使用。
创建一个 Terraform 计划
接下来,为你创建一个 计划plan,看看将创建哪些资源。
对于管理员:
$ cd AdminTF$ terraform validate$ terraform plan$ cd AdminTF $ terraform validate $ terraform plan$ cd AdminTF $ terraform validate $ terraform plan
对于租户:
$ cd TenantTF$ terraform validate$ terraform plan$ cd TenantTF $ terraform validate $ terraform plan$ cd TenantTF $ terraform validate $ terraform plan
命令解释:
terraform validate
验证.tf
语法是否正确。terraform plan
在缓存中创建一个计划文件,所有管理的资源在创建和销毁时都可以被跟踪。
应用你的第一个 TF
要部署资源,使用 terraform apply
命令。该命令应用计划文件中的所有资源状态。
对于管理员:
$ cd AdminTF$ terraform apply$ cd AdminTF $ terraform apply$ cd AdminTF $ terraform apply
对于租户:
$ cd TenantTF$ terraform apply$ cd TenantTF $ terraform apply$ cd TenantTF $ terraform apply
接下来的步骤
之前,我写了一篇关于在树莓派上部署最小 OpenStack 集群的 文章。你可以找到更详细的Terraform 和 Ansible配置,并通过 GitLab 实现一些 CI/CD。