一.查看网卡驱动
要查看系统中网卡的驱动程序,您可以使用一些特定于您的操作系统的命令。
以下是一些示例:
Linux:
使用 lspci
命令来列出 PCI 设备,然后查找网卡的相关信息:
lspci | grep Ethernetlspci | grep Ethernetlspci | grep Ethernet
bin# lspci | grep Ethernet0002:02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54)0002:03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54)0002:04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54)0002:05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54)0008:01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Device 2141bin# lspci | grep Ethernet 0002:02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0002:03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0002:04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0002:05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0008:01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Device 2141bin# lspci | grep Ethernet 0002:02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0002:03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0002:04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0002:05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Cavium, Inc. Octeon Tx2 RVU Physical Function (rev 54) 0008:01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Device 2141
然后,使用 lshw
或 ethtool
命令来获取更详细的信息:
sudo lshw -class networksudo lshw -class networksudo lshw -class network
bin# lshw -class network*-networkdescription: Network controllerproduct: Octeon 10 RPM (MAC)vendor: Cavium, Inc.physical id: 10bus info: pci@0000:01:10.0version: 00width: 32 bitsclock: 33MHzcapabilities: pciexpress msix bus_master cap_listconfiguration: driver=Marvell-CGX!RPM latency=0resources: irq:0 memory:87e0e0000000-87e0e07fffff memory:87e0e0800000-87e0e0ffffffbin# lshw -class network *-network description: Network controller product: Octeon 10 RPM (MAC) vendor: Cavium, Inc. physical id: 10 bus info: pci@0000:01:10.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=Marvell-CGX!RPM latency=0 resources: irq:0 memory:87e0e0000000-87e0e07fffff memory:87e0e0800000-87e0e0ffffffbin# lshw -class network *-network description: Network controller product: Octeon 10 RPM (MAC) vendor: Cavium, Inc. physical id: 10 bus info: pci@0000:01:10.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=Marvell-CGX!RPM latency=0 resources: irq:0 memory:87e0e0000000-87e0e07fffff memory:87e0e0800000-87e0e0ffffff
或
sudo ethtool <interface_name>sudo ethtool <interface_name>sudo ethtool <interface_name>
bin# ethtool eth1Settings for eth1:Supported ports: [ ]Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half10000baseSR/FullSupported pause frame use: NoSupports auto-negotiation: NoSupported FEC modes: RSAdvertised link modes: Not reportedAdvertised pause frame use: NoAdvertised auto-negotiation: NoAdvertised FEC modes: Not reportedSpeed: 50000Mb/sDuplex: FullAuto-negotiation: offPort: Twisted PairPHYAD: 0Transceiver: internalMDI-X: UnknownCurrent message level: 0x00000000 (0)Link detected: yesbin# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: Supported ports: [ ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10000baseSR/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Supported FEC modes: RS Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Advertised FEC modes: Not reported Speed: 50000Mb/s Duplex: Full Auto-negotiation: off Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal MDI-X: Unknown Current message level: 0x00000000 (0) Link detected: yesbin# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: Supported ports: [ ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10000baseSR/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Supported FEC modes: RS Advertised link modes: Not reported Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Advertised FEC modes: Not reported Speed: 50000Mb/s Duplex: Full Auto-negotiation: off Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal MDI-X: Unknown Current message level: 0x00000000 (0) Link detected: yes
Windows:
在 PowerShell 中,可以使用 Get-NetAdapter
命令来获取网络适配器信息:
Get-NetAdapterGet-NetAdapterGet-NetAdapter
![服务器如何查看网卡驱动和更换网卡驱动 图片[1]-服务器如何查看网卡驱动和更换网卡驱动-不念博客](https://www.bunian.cn/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/640.png)
二.切换网卡驱动程序:
在一般情况下,更改网卡驱动程序可能不是一个简单的任务,因为它涉及到操作系统内核模块(Linux)或设备管理器(Windows)。
这通常需要一些谨慎的操作,并且可能需要重新启动系统。
Linux:
- 查找当前加载的网卡驱动程序:
lsmod | grep <driver_name>lsmod | grep <driver_name>lsmod | grep <driver_name>
~$ lsmodModule Size Used byvfio_pci 16384 0vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pcivfio_iommu_type1 49152 0vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pciiommufd 73728 1 vfioirqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_corenf_tables 348160 0libcrc32c 16384 1 nf_tablescpuid 16384 0nfnetlink 24576 1 nf_tablestls 147456 0binfmt_misc 24576 1nls_iso8859_1 16384 1intel_rapl_msr 20480 0~$ lsmod |grep vfiovfio_pci 16384 0vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pcivfio_iommu_type1 49152 0vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pciiommufd 73728 1 vfioirqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core~$ lsmod Module Size Used by vfio_pci 16384 0 vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pci vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci iommufd 73728 1 vfio irqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core nf_tables 348160 0 libcrc32c 16384 1 nf_tables cpuid 16384 0 nfnetlink 24576 1 nf_tables tls 147456 0 binfmt_misc 24576 1 nls_iso8859_1 16384 1 intel_rapl_msr 20480 0 ~$ lsmod |grep vfio vfio_pci 16384 0 vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pci vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci iommufd 73728 1 vfio irqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core~$ lsmod Module Size Used by vfio_pci 16384 0 vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pci vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci iommufd 73728 1 vfio irqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core nf_tables 348160 0 libcrc32c 16384 1 nf_tables cpuid 16384 0 nfnetlink 24576 1 nf_tables tls 147456 0 binfmt_misc 24576 1 nls_iso8859_1 16384 1 intel_rapl_msr 20480 0 ~$ lsmod |grep vfio vfio_pci 16384 0 vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pci vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci iommufd 73728 1 vfio irqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core
- 卸载当前驱动程序:
sudo modprobe -r <driver_name>sudo modprobe -r <driver_name>sudo modprobe -r <driver_name>
~$ sudo modprobe -r vfio-pci~$ lsmod |grep vfiovfio_iommu_type1 49152 0vfio 61440 1 vfio_iommu_type1iommufd 73728 1 vfio~$ sudo modprobe -r vfio-pci ~$ lsmod |grep vfio vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 1 vfio_iommu_type1 iommufd 73728 1 vfio~$ sudo modprobe -r vfio-pci ~$ lsmod |grep vfio vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 1 vfio_iommu_type1 iommufd 73728 1 vfio
- 加载新的驱动程序:
sudo modprobe <new_driver_name>sudo modprobe <new_driver_name>sudo modprobe <new_driver_name>
~$ sudo modprobe vfio-pci~$ lsmod |grep vfiovfio_pci 16384 0vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pciirqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_corevfio_iommu_type1 49152 0vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pciiommufd 73728 1 vfio~$ sudo modprobe vfio-pci ~$ lsmod |grep vfio vfio_pci 16384 0 vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pci irqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci iommufd 73728 1 vfio~$ sudo modprobe vfio-pci ~$ lsmod |grep vfio vfio_pci 16384 0 vfio_pci_core 94208 1 vfio_pci irqbypass 16384 1 vfio_pci_core vfio_iommu_type1 49152 0 vfio 61440 3 vfio_pci_core,vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci iommufd 73728 1 vfio
Windows:
- 在设备管理器中更改驱动程序:
- 在 Windows 中,右键点击“此电脑”(或“计算机”),选择“管理”。
- 转到“设备管理器”。
- 在“网络适配器”下找到您的网卡。
- 右键点击网卡,选择“更新驱动程序”。
注意:更改驱动程序可能需要从制造商的网站下载适当的驱动程序,并确保它与您的硬件和操作系统兼容。
影响:
更改网卡驱动程序可能导致以下影响:
- 兼容性问题: 新的驱动程序可能不兼容您的硬件或操作系统,导致网络连接问题。
- 性能影响: 不同的驱动程序可能对性能产生影响,有时是正面的,有时是负面的。
- 稳定性问题: 一些驱动程序可能更加稳定,而另一些可能引入稳定性问题。
在进行任何更改之前,请确保备份系统数据,并仔细阅读相关的文档和支持信息。
最好在测试环境中先尝试更改,以便在生产环境中遇到问题时能够迅速进行修复。
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