如何发现bigkey

1、使用 Redis 自带的 --bigkeys 参数来查找。

# redis-cli -p 6379 --bigkeys
# Scanning the entire keyspace to find biggest keys as well as
# average sizes per key type.  You can use -i 0.1 to sleep 0.1 sec
# per 100 SCAN commands (not usually needed).
[00.00%] Biggest string found so far '"ballcat:oauth:refresh_auth:f6cdb384-9a9d-4f2f-af01-dc3f28057c20"' with 4437 bytes
[00.00%] Biggest list   found so far '"my-list"' with 17 items
-------- summary -------
Sampled 5 keys in the keyspace!
Total key length in bytes is 264 (avg len 52.80)
Biggest   list found '"my-list"' has 17 items
Biggest string found '"ballcat:oauth:refresh_auth:f6cdb384-9a9d-4f2f-af01-dc3f28057c20"' has 4437 bytes
1 lists with 17 items (20.00% of keys, avg size 17.00)
0 hashs with 0 fields (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
4 strings with 4831 bytes (80.00% of keys, avg size 1207.75)
0 streams with 0 entries (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
0 sets with 0 members (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
0 zsets with 0 members (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00
# redis-cli -p 6379 --bigkeys

# Scanning the entire keyspace to find biggest keys as well as
# average sizes per key type.  You can use -i 0.1 to sleep 0.1 sec
# per 100 SCAN commands (not usually needed).

[00.00%] Biggest string found so far '"ballcat:oauth:refresh_auth:f6cdb384-9a9d-4f2f-af01-dc3f28057c20"' with 4437 bytes
[00.00%] Biggest list   found so far '"my-list"' with 17 items

-------- summary -------

Sampled 5 keys in the keyspace!
Total key length in bytes is 264 (avg len 52.80)

Biggest   list found '"my-list"' has 17 items
Biggest string found '"ballcat:oauth:refresh_auth:f6cdb384-9a9d-4f2f-af01-dc3f28057c20"' has 4437 bytes

1 lists with 17 items (20.00% of keys, avg size 17.00)
0 hashs with 0 fields (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
4 strings with 4831 bytes (80.00% of keys, avg size 1207.75)
0 streams with 0 entries (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
0 sets with 0 members (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
0 zsets with 0 members (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00
# redis-cli -p 6379 --bigkeys

# Scanning the entire keyspace to find biggest keys as well as
# average sizes per key type.  You can use -i 0.1 to sleep 0.1 sec
# per 100 SCAN commands (not usually needed).

[00.00%] Biggest string found so far '"ballcat:oauth:refresh_auth:f6cdb384-9a9d-4f2f-af01-dc3f28057c20"' with 4437 bytes
[00.00%] Biggest list   found so far '"my-list"' with 17 items

-------- summary -------

Sampled 5 keys in the keyspace!
Total key length in bytes is 264 (avg len 52.80)

Biggest   list found '"my-list"' has 17 items
Biggest string found '"ballcat:oauth:refresh_auth:f6cdb384-9a9d-4f2f-af01-dc3f28057c20"' has 4437 bytes

1 lists with 17 items (20.00% of keys, avg size 17.00)
0 hashs with 0 fields (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
4 strings with 4831 bytes (80.00% of keys, avg size 1207.75)
0 streams with 0 entries (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
0 sets with 0 members (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00)
0 zsets with 0 members (00.00% of keys, avg size 0.00

从这个命令的运行结果，我们可以看出：这个命令会扫描(Scan) Redis 中的所有 key ，会对 Redis 的性能有一点影响。

并且，这种方式只能找出每种数据结构 top 1 bigkey（占用内存最大的 String 数据类型，包含元素最多的复合数据类型）。

然而，一个 key 的元素多并不代表占用内存也多，需要我们根据具体的业务情况来进一步判断。

在线上执行该命令时，为了降低对 Redis 的影响，需要指定 -i 参数控制扫描的频率。

redis-cli -p 6379 --bigkeys -i 3
redis-cli -p 6379 --bigkeys -i 3
redis-cli -p 6379 --bigkeys -i 3

表示扫描过程中每次扫描后休息的时间间隔为 3 秒。

2、使用 Redis 自带的 SCAN 命令

SCAN 命令可以按照一定的模式和数量返回匹配的 key。

获取了 key 之后，可以利用 STRLEN、HLEN、LLEN等命令返回其长度或成员数量。

对于集合类型还可以使用 MEMORY USAGE 命令（Redis 4.0+），这个命令会返回键值对占用的内存空间。

3、借助开源工具分析 RDB 文件。

通过分析 RDB 文件来找出 big key。

这种方案的前提是你的 Redis 采用的是 RDB 持久化。

网上有现成的代码/工具可以直接拿来使用：

• redis-rdb-tools^[2]：Python 语言写的用来分析 Redis 的 RDB 快照文件用的工具
• rdb_bigkeys^[3] : Go 语言写的用来分析 Redis 的 RDB 快照文件用的工具，性能更好。

4、借助公有云的 Redis 分析服务。

如果你用的是公有云的 Redis 服务的话，可以看看其是否提供了 key 分析功能（一般都提供了）。