如何在RHEL上配置网络绑定（成组）-不念博客

网络绑定Bonding（成组Teaming）是 Linux 的一项内核特性，它让我们可以将多个网络接口（例如ens192、ens224）聚合为一个专有的虚拟网络接口，被称为通道绑定（bond0）。这样做能够提升吞吐量并增加冗余备份。

网络绑定一共支持 7 种模式，你可以根据实际需求进行设置。链接聚合控制协议Link Aggregation Control Protocol（LACP），即模式 4（802.3ad）因其支持链接聚合与冗余而被广泛应用。

在本篇文章中，我们将引导你学习如何在 RHEL 系统中配置网卡（网络）绑定。

LACP 绑定的前置条件

网络团队需要在网络交换机的端口上开启 LACP（802.3ad）来实现链接的聚合。
一个 Linux 系统应该配备至少两个网络接口。
对于物理服务器，我们推荐在板载接口与 PCI 接口间进行绑定配置，以避免在主机端的网络卡出现单点故障。

Bonding 模块

你可以使用 lsmod命令来确认你的 Linux 系统是否已经加载了bonding模块。


lsmod | grep -i bonding
bonding               12451  0
lsmod | grep -i bonding
bonding               12451  0
lsmod | grep -i bonding
bonding               12451  0

系统应该默认已加载。如果未看到，可以运用 modprobe命令进行加载。


modprobe bonding
modprobe bonding
modprobe bonding

创建绑定接口

在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/路径下，创建一个名为ifcfg-bond0的绑定接口文件。依据你的网络情况，你可能需要修改诸如IP、MASK以及GATEWAY等值。


vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0


TYPE=Bond
DEVICE=bond0
NAME=bond0
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
BONDING_OPTS="mode=4 miimon=100 lacp_rate=1"
TYPE=Bond
DEVICE=bond0
NAME=bond0
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
BONDING_OPTS="mode=4 miimon=100 lacp_rate=1"
TYPE=Bond
DEVICE=bond0
NAME=bond0
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
BONDING_OPTS="mode=4 miimon=100 lacp_rate=1"

参数	描述
`BONDING_MASTER=yes`	表示设备是一个绑定主设备。
`mode=4`	绑定模式是 IEEE 802.3ad 动态链接聚合（LACP）。
`miimon=100`	定义以毫秒单位的 MII 链路监测频率，这决定了多久检查每个从属链路的状态一次以寻找失败的链路。`0`值将禁用 MII 链路监测。`100`是个不错的初始值。
`lacp_rate=1`	一个设置项，规定我们将以何种频率要求我们的链路伙伴每秒钟发送 LACPDU。默认为慢，即 `0`。

配置第一个子接口

修改你希望添加到绑定中的第一个子接口。请根据你的实际环境使用合适的接口名。


vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens192


TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=ens192
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=ens192
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=ens192
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes

配置第二个子接口

修改你希望添加到绑定中的第二个子接口。请根据你的实际环境使用合适的接口名。


vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens224
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens224
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens224


TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=ens224
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=ens224
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
DEVICE=ens224
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes

重启网络服务

重启网络服务以激活绑定接口。


systemctl restart network
systemctl restart network
systemctl restart network

验证绑定配置

你可以借助 ip 命令来查看绑定接口以及其子接口的情况。可以看到，bond0现在已启动并在运行。

查阅绑定接口状态

检查以下文件，你可以看到绑定接口及其子接口的详细信息。输出结果应该看起来很不错，我们能看到诸如绑定模式，MII 状态，MII 轮询间隔，LACP 速率，端口数量等信息。


cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0


Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
802.3ad info
LACP rate: fast
Min links: 0
Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
System priority: 65535
System MAC address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
Active Aggregator Info:
        Aggregator ID: 1
        Number of ports: 2
        Actor Key: 15
        Partner Key: 32773
        Partner Mac Address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
Slave Interface: ens192
MII Status: up
Speed: 10000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
Slave queue ID: 0
Aggregator ID: 1
Actor Churn State: none
Partner Churn State: none
Actor Churned State: 0
Partner Churned State: 0
details actor lacp pdu:
    system priority: 65535
    system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
    port key: 15
    port priority: 255
    port number: 1
    port state: 63
details Partner lacp pdu:
    system priority: 32667
    system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
    oper key: 32773
    port priority: 32768
    port number: 290
    port state: 61
Slave Interface: ens224
MII Status: up
Speed: 10000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
Slave queue ID: 0
Aggregator ID: 1
Actor Churn State: none
Partner Churn State: none
Actor Churned State: 0
Partner Churned State: 0
details actor lacp pdu:
    system priority: 65535
    system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
    port key: 15
    port priority: 255
    port number: 2
    port state: 63
details Partner lacp pdu:
    system priority: 32667
    system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
    oper key: 32773
    port priority: 32768
    port number: 16674
    port state: 61
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)

Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

802.3ad info
LACP rate: fast
Min links: 0
Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
System priority: 65535
System MAC address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
Active Aggregator Info:
        Aggregator ID: 1
        Number of ports: 2
        Actor Key: 15
        Partner Key: 32773
        Partner Mac Address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9

Slave Interface: ens192
MII Status: up
Speed: 10000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
Slave queue ID: 0
Aggregator ID: 1
Actor Churn State: none
Partner Churn State: none
Actor Churned State: 0
Partner Churned State: 0
details actor lacp pdu:
    system priority: 65535
    system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
    port key: 15
    port priority: 255
    port number: 1
    port state: 63
details Partner lacp pdu:
    system priority: 32667
    system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
    oper key: 32773
    port priority: 32768
    port number: 290
    port state: 61

Slave Interface: ens224
MII Status: up
Speed: 10000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
Slave queue ID: 0
Aggregator ID: 1
Actor Churn State: none
Partner Churn State: none
Actor Churned State: 0
Partner Churned State: 0
details actor lacp pdu:
    system priority: 65535
    system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
    port key: 15
    port priority: 255
    port number: 2
    port state: 63
details Partner lacp pdu:
    system priority: 32667
    system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
    oper key: 32773
    port priority: 32768
    port number: 16674
    port state: 61
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)

Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation
Transmit Hash Policy: layer (0)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

802.3ad info
LACP rate: fast
Min links: 0
Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable
System priority: 65535
System MAC address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
Active Aggregator Info:
        Aggregator ID: 1
        Number of ports: 2
        Actor Key: 15
        Partner Key: 32773
        Partner Mac Address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9

Slave Interface: ens192
MII Status: up
Speed: 10000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
Slave queue ID: 0
Aggregator ID: 1
Actor Churn State: none
Partner Churn State: none
Actor Churned State: 0
Partner Churned State: 0
details actor lacp pdu:
    system priority: 65535
    system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
    port key: 15
    port priority: 255
    port number: 1
    port state: 63
details Partner lacp pdu:
    system priority: 32667
    system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
    oper key: 32773
    port priority: 32768
    port number: 290
    port state: 61

Slave Interface: ens224
MII Status: up
Speed: 10000 Mbps
Duplex: full
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
Slave queue ID: 0
Aggregator ID: 1
Actor Churn State: none
Partner Churn State: none
Actor Churned State: 0
Partner Churned State: 0
details actor lacp pdu:
    system priority: 65535
    system mac address: e4:a7:a0:32:fc:e9
    port key: 15
    port priority: 255
    port number: 2
    port state: 63
details Partner lacp pdu:
    system priority: 32667
    system mac address: c8:5b:76:4d:d4:5c
    oper key: 32773
    port priority: 32768
    port number: 16674
    port state: 61

容错/冗余测试

为了验证容错性和连接速度，你可以逐个断开接口，然后检查服务器是否仍旧可达。

测试用例-1：当两个子接口都启动并运行时，使用 ethtool 命令检查链路速度。
测试用例-2：断开第一个子接口，然后尝试访问系统。
测试用例-3：断开第二个子接口，然后尝试访问系统。

测试用例-1：

如果你想检测下连接速度：没错，我在 bond0上看到了20 Gbps的速度，因为每个子接口支持 10 Gbps。


ethtool bond0
ethtool bond0
ethtool bond0


Settings for bond0:
        Supported ports: 
        Supported link modes:   Not reported
        Supported pause frame use: No
        Supports auto-negotiation: No
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Advertised link modes:  Not reported
        Advertised pause frame use: No
        Advertised auto-negotiation: No
        Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Speed: 20000Mb/s
        Duplex: Full
        Port: Other
        PHYAD: 0
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: off
        Link detected: yes
Settings for bond0:
        Supported ports: 
        Supported link modes:   Not reported
        Supported pause frame use: No
        Supports auto-negotiation: No
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Advertised link modes:  Not reported
        Advertised pause frame use: No
        Advertised auto-negotiation: No
        Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Speed: 20000Mb/s
        Duplex: Full
        Port: Other
        PHYAD: 0
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: off
        Link detected: yes
Settings for bond0:
        Supported ports: 
        Supported link modes:   Not reported
        Supported pause frame use: No
        Supports auto-negotiation: No
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Advertised link modes:  Not reported
        Advertised pause frame use: No
        Advertised auto-negotiation: No
        Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
        Speed: 20000Mb/s
        Duplex: Full
        Port: Other
        PHYAD: 0
        Transceiver: internal
        Auto-negotiation: off
        Link detected: yes

测试用例-2：

现在我们将关闭第一个子接口。


ifdown ens192
ifdown ens192
ifdown ens192


Device 'ens192' successfully disconnected.
Device 'ens192' successfully disconnected.
Device 'ens192' successfully disconnected.

通过 ssh尝试访问系统。没问题，系统现在是可以访问的。


ssh [email protected]
ssh [email protected]
ssh [email protected]

由于已经有一个子接口关闭，你现在在 bond0上只能看到 10 Gbps 的速度。


ethtool bond0 | grep -i speed
ethtool bond0 | grep -i speed
ethtool bond0 | grep -i speed


            Speed: 10000Mb/s
            Speed: 10000Mb/s
            Speed: 10000Mb/s

现在，我们再次查看绑定接口的状态。可以看出，只有一个子接口处于活跃状态。


cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0

测试用例-3：

我们来关闭第二个子接口，并进行类似测试用例-2 的测试：


ifdown ens224
ifdown ens224
ifdown ens224


Device 'ens224' successfully disconnected.
Device 'ens224' successfully disconnected.
Device 'ens224' successfully disconnected.

结语

我希望你已经掌握了在 RHEL 上配置 LACP 绑定的方法。

在本教程中，我们为你展示了在 RHEL 系统配置网络绑定或网卡聚合的最简单方式。

本站文章由不念博客原创，未经允许严禁转载！

THE END

如何在RHEL上配置网络绑定（成组）

LACP 绑定的前置条件

Bonding 模块

创建绑定接口

配置第一个子接口

配置第二个子接口

重启网络服务

验证绑定配置

查阅绑定接口状态

容错/冗余测试

测试用例-1：

测试用例-2：

测试用例-3：

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