适合小白的Linux常用运维脚本大全!

一、根据PID过滤进程所有信息

#! /bin/bash
# Author:不念
# Date:2022-09-27
# Function: 根据用户输入的PID,过滤出该PID所有的信息
read -p "请输入要查询的PID: " P
n=`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $11}'|wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
 echo "该PID不存在!!"
 exit
fi
echo "--------------------------------"
echo "进程PID: $P"
echo "进程命令:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $11}'`"
echo "进程所属用户: `ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $1}'`"
echo "CPU占用率:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $3}'`%"
echo "内存占用率:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $4}'`%"
echo "进程开始运行的时刻:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $9}'`"
echo "进程运行的时间:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $10}'`"
echo "进程状态:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $8}'`"
echo "进程虚拟内存:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $5}'`"
echo "进程共享内存:`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print $6}'`"
echo "--------------------------------"

二、根据进程名过滤进程信息

会显示出该进程名包含的所有线程

#! /bin/bash
# Author:不念
# Date:2022-09-27
# Function: 根据输入的程序的名字过滤出所对应的PID,并显示出详细信息,如果有几个PID,则全部显示
read -p "请输入要查询的进程名:" NAME
N=`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | wc -l` ##统计进程总数
if [ $N -le 0 ];then
  echo "该进程名没有运行!"
fi
i=1
while [ $N -gt 0 ]
do
  echo "进程PID: `ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $2}'`"
  echo "进程命令:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $11}'`"
  echo "进程所属用户: `ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $1}'`"
  echo "CPU占用率:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $3}'`%"
  echo "内存占用率:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $4}'`%"
  echo "进程开始运行的时刻:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $9}'`"
  echo "进程运行的时间:` ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $11}'`"
  echo "进程状态:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $8}'`"
  echo "进程虚拟内存:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $5}'`"
  echo "进程共享内存:`ps -aux | grep $NAME | grep -v grep | awk 'NR=='$i'{print $0}'| awk '{print $6}'`"
  echo "***************************************************************"
  let N-- i++
done

三、根据用户名查询该用户的相关信息

#! /bin/bash
# Author:不念
# Date:2022-09-27
# Function:根据用户名查询该用户的所有信息
read -p "请输入要查询的用户名:" A
echo "------------------------------"
n=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}' | wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
echo "该用户不存在"
echo "------------------------------"
else
  echo "该用户的用户名:$A"
  echo "该用户的UID:`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $3}'`"
  echo "该用户的组为:`id $A | awk {'print $3'}`"
  echo "该用户的GID为:`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $4}'`"
  echo "该用户的家目录为:`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $6}'`"
  Login=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk -F: '{print $7}'`
  if [ $Login == "/bin/bash" ];then
  echo "该用户有登录系统的权限!!"
  echo "------------------------------"
  elif [ $Login == "/sbin/nologin" ];then
  echo "该用户没有登录系统的权限!!"
  echo "------------------------------"
  fi
fi

四、加固系统的一些配置

#! /bin/bash
# Author:不念
# Date:2022-09-27
# Function:对账户的密码的一些加固
read -p "设置密码最多可多少天不修改:" A
read -p "设置密码修改之间最小的天数:" B
read -p "设置密码最短的长度:" C
read -p "设置密码失效前多少天通知用户:" D
sed -i '/^PASS_MAX_DAYS/c\PASS_MAX_DAYS '$A'' /etc/login.defs
sed -i '/^PASS_MIN_DAYS/c\PASS_MIN_DAYS '$B'' /etc/login.defs
sed -i '/^PASS_MIN_LEN/c\PASS_MIN_LEN '$C'' /etc/login.defs
sed -i '/^PASS_WARN_AGE/c\PASS_WARN_AGE '$D'' /etc/login.defs
 
echo "已对密码进行加固,新用户不得和旧密码相同,且新密码必须同时包含数字、小写字母,大写字母!!"
sed -i '/pam_pwquality.so/c\password requisite pam_pwquality.so try_first_pass local_users_only retry=3 authtok_type= difok=1 minlen=8 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 dcredit=-1' /etc/pam.d/system-auth
 
echo "已对密码进行加固,如果输入错误密码超过3次,则锁定账户!!"
n=`cat /etc/pam.d/sshd | grep "auth required pam_tally2.so "|wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
sed -i '/%PAM-1.0/a\auth required pam_tally2.so deny=3 unlock_time=150 even_deny_root root_unlock_time300' /etc/pam.d/sshd
fi
 
echo  "已设置禁止root用户远程登录!!"
sed -i '/PermitRootLogin/c\PermitRootLogin no'  /etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
read -p "设置历史命令保存条数:" E
read -p "设置账户自动注销时间:" F
sed -i '/^HISTSIZE/c\HISTSIZE='$E'' /etc/profile
sed -i '/^HISTSIZE/a\TMOUT='$F'' /etc/profile
 
echo "已设置只允许wheel组的用户可以使用su命令切换到root用户!"
sed -i '/pam_wheel.so use_uid/c\auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid ' /etc/pam.d/su
n=`cat /etc/login.defs | grep SU_WHEEL_ONLY | wc -l`
if [ $n -eq 0 ];then
echo SU_WHEEL_ONLY yes >> /etc/login.defs
fi
 
echo "即将对系统中的账户进行检查...."
echo "系统中有登录权限的用户有:"
awk -F: '($7=="/bin/bash"){print $1}' /etc/passwd
echo "********************************************"
echo "系统中UID=0的用户有:"
awk -F: '($3=="0"){print $1}' /etc/passwd
echo "********************************************"
N=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|wc -l`
echo "系统中空密码用户有:$N"
if [ $N -eq 0 ];then
 echo "恭喜你,系统中无空密码用户!!"
 echo "********************************************"
else
 i=1
 while [ $N -gt 0 ]
 do
    None=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|awk 'NR=='$i'{print}'`
    echo "------------------------"
    echo $None
    echo "必须为空用户设置密码!!"
    passwd $None
    let N--
 done
 M=`awk -F: '($2==""){print $1}' /etc/shadow|wc -l`
 if [ $M -eq 0 ];then
  echo "恭喜,系统中已经没有空密码用户了!"
 else
echo "系统中还存在空密码用户:$M"
 fi
fi
 
echo "即将对系统中重要文件进行锁定,锁定后将无法添加删除用户和组"
read -p "警告:此脚本运行后将无法添加删除用户和组!!确定输入Y,取消输入N;Y/N:" i
case $i in
      [Y,y])
            chattr +i /etc/passwd
            chattr +i /etc/shadow
            chattr +i /etc/group
            chattr +i /etc/gshadow
            echo "锁定成功!"
;;
      [N,n])
            chattr -i /etc/passwd
            chattr -i /etc/shadow
            chattr -i /etc/group
            chattr -i /etc/gshadow
            echo "取消锁定成功!!"
;;
       *)
            echo "请输入Y/y or N/n"
esac
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